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                                                                        齊魯工業大學

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                                                                        考研英語語法—三種代詞

                                                                        時間:2015-05-26 16:44:24     作者:考研招生在線

                                                                        代詞是英語語言的一大特色,頻繁出現于考研英е語的各個題型中,加之漢語多名詞、英語多代詞的這一差異,許多考研同學反映代詞是英語學習中的一處障礙。因此,老師特別通過本文,從考研英語語法的角度,為廣大同學總結出英語代詞的用法,希冀對大家的考研英語復習提供一些幫助。

                                                                        一、人稱代詞

                                                                        1. 一般規則

                                                                        1)人稱代詞的使用順序為第二人稱、第三人稱、第一人稱。

                                                                        如:You, she and I are sincere friends.

                                                                        2)人稱代詞與表人的名詞并列時,順序為“名詞+人稱代詞”,但you常位于名詞前。

                                                                        如:You, Marry and I must be in a common effort.

                                                                        3)與其他代詞排列時,人稱代詞在前。

                                                                        如:She, I and some others like pageant(露天表演).

                                                                        2. 當由every或each修飾并由and連接的兩個單數名詞做主語時,后面的代詞要用單數;若這兩個名詞一個是陽性,一個是陰性??捎胔e/his/himself來代替。

                                                                        如:Every mother and daughter in town has been invited to the dancing party she is longing for.

                                                                        Every man and woman has his right to vote.

                                                                        3. 當由or或nor連接的兩個名詞或代詞時,代詞要與or 或nor后面的名詞或代詞在性和數上保持一致。

                                                                        如:Either Marry and or her classmates study harderо than they did before.

                                                                        4. 人稱代詞在比較分句中做主語用主格,做賓語用賓格。

                                                                        如:I trust you as much as her. 但在非正式語體中人稱代詞在比較分句中做主語,也可以用賓格,特別是這類代詞帶有all, both做同位語,通常都用賓格。

                                                                        二、反身代詞

                                                                        1.反身代詞做介詞的補足成分。

                                                                        by oneself 單獨地,獨自地

                                                                        for oneself 親自地,為自己

                                                                        of oneself 自動地,自然而然地

                                                                        in oneself 自身,本質上

                                                                        to oneself 供自己用,專用

                                                                        2. 反身代詞用于“動詞+反身代詞+副詞”的固定搭配中。

                                                                        如:He took himself away. 走開

                                                                        She often puts herself forward. 擺架子

                                                                        Carl played a joke on Bob and gave himself away by laughinоg. 露出馬腳

                                                                        3. 反身代詞用于“動詞+反身代詞+介詞”的固定搭配中。

                                                                        如:The work addict surrendered himself to despair. 陷入困境

                                                                        The Earl always prides himself on having a glorious past. 炫耀

                                                                        4. 在anyone, no one, nobody 等代詞+ but 后可用第一、第二人稱反身代詞做主語,但不能用第三人稱反身代詞。

                                                                        如:Anyone but yourself (myself) had been to the island girded by the sea.

                                                                        三、指示代詞

                                                                        1. all, both 與of 連用時,如果of后是名詞,則可省去of,但of后如果是代詞,of則不可省。

                                                                        如:All the old men are hale and heavy.

                                                                        Both of them are idle fellows.

                                                                        All和whole 在修飾單數可數名詞時,意思往往是一樣的,然而次序不同,all用于冠詞或其他限定詞之前,而whole前必須有冠詞或其他限定詞。

                                                                        如:All the city is burning.

                                                                        The whole city is burning.

                                                                        2. no one = nobody ,僅用于人,不能與of 短語連用,謂語動詞用單數。None既能指人,又能指物,謂語動詞既可用單數,也可用復試,也可與of連用。

                                                                        如:No one has read Paradise Lost up till now.

                                                                        None of us has seen an overpass.

                                                                        “none other than” 是個固定結構,意為“就是”,表示強調

                                                                        如:The new arrival was none other than the President.

                                                                        3. much 常用語下列用法中

                                                                        (be) much of a 很,更;了不起的,稱得上……的

                                                                        not so much … as 與其說……,不如說……

                                                                        (with) not /without so much as 甚至于不

                                                                        much more = still more (用于肯定句)更加

                                                                        much less= still (even) less(用于否定句)更不,更說不上

                                                                        so much so that 到如此程度,以致

                                                                        4. everyone, every one, anyone, any one

                                                                        everyone = everybody,只能指人,不能與of 連用,而every one 可指人,也可指物,可跟of 短語。

                                                                        anyone, any one 用法同上,可用于肯定句。

                                                                        5. 其他不定代詞構成的短語

                                                                        anything of 一點兒,一點;……的味道 (用于否定句、疑問句或條件句)

                                                                        something of 在某種意義(程度)上 (用于肯定句)

                                                                        everything of 一切事物,重要的事物;完全

                                                                        nothing of 根本不,一點也不是

                                                                        anything but 除……之外的任何事物;根本不,絕不

                                                                        nothing but 僅僅

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